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Preventing Frailty in Older Adults
Aging, Physical Activity Joy H. Stepinski Aging, Physical Activity Joy H. Stepinski

Preventing Frailty in Older Adults

Frailty is a prevalent and debilitating condition that affects many adults over the age of 65. Approximately 21% of older adults living in a house or apartment experience a physical or cognitive decline that limits their ability to carry out activities independently. Consequently, those with frailty have a reduced quality of life and poorer health outcomes. Preventing frailty starts early in life, through measures that promote mobility, adequate nutrition, and strong social connections.

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Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology, Standard Treatment, and Modifiable Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Health Joy H. Stepinski Cardiovascular Health Joy H. Stepinski

Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiology, Standard Treatment, and Modifiable Risk Factors

Atrial fibrillation (A fib or AF) is considered to be the most common type of heart arrhythmia [1]. The sinus node, located in the right atrium, is a group of specialized cells that serve as an internal pacemaker for the human body. This is important because the node spontaneously generates the heartbeat. It releases an electrical impulse that causes the cardiac cells within the two upper chambers, or atria, to become excitable and conduct the impulse to the surrounding cells.

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